The Deccan Plateau in Southern India

The Deccan Plateau is an extremely large plateau located in Southern India. The plateau covers a vast majority of the Southern and central parts of the country. The plateau extends over eight separate Indian states, covering a wide range of habitats, and it is one of the longer plateaus in the world. Deccan’s average elevation is around 2,000 feet. The word Deccan comes from the Sanskrit word of ‘Dakshina’, which means south. Location and Characteristics The Deccan Plateau is located in Southern India in-between two mountain ranges: the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. Each rise from their respective coasts and eventually converge to produce a triangle-shaped tableland atop the plateau. The climate on some parts of the plateau, especially the Northern areas, is much drier than that of the nearby coastlands. These areas of the plateau are very arid, and do not see much rain for periods of time. Other areas of the plateau however are more tropical and have distinct, different wet and dry seasons. The river valley areas of the plateau tend to be densely populated, as there is ample access to water and the climate is conducive to living. On the other hand, the dry areas in-between the river valleys are often largely unsettled, as these areas can be too arid and dry. The plateau has three principal rivers: the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri. These rivers flow from the Western Ghats on the western side of the plateau eastward toward the Bay of Bengal, which is the largest bay in the world. History The history of the Deccan is largely obscure, but it is known to have been an area of conflict for much of its existence with dynasties fighting for control. From the Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"The Deccan’s early history is obscure. There is evidence of prehistoric human habitation; low rainfall must have made farming difficult until the introduction of irrigation. The plateau’s mineral wealth led many lowland rulers, including those of the Mauryan (4th–2nd century  bce) and Gupta (4th–6th centuryce) dynasties, to fight over it. From the 6th to the 13th century, the Chalukya, Rastrakuta , Later Chalukya , Hoysala , and Yadava families successively established regional kingdoms in the Deccan, but they were continually in conflict with neighboring states and recalcitrant feudatories. The later kingdoms also were subject to looting raids by the Muslim  Delhi sultanate, which eventually gained control of the area. In 1347 the Muslim BahmanÄ « dynasty established an independent kingdom in the Deccan. The five Muslim states that succeeded the BahmanÄ « and divided its territory joined forces in 1565 at the Battle of Talikota to defeat Vijayanagar, the Hindu empire to the south. For most of their reigns, however, the five successor states formed shifting patterns of alliances in an effort to keep any one state from dominating the area and, from 1656, to fend off incursions by the Mughal Empire to the north. During the Mughal decline in the 18th century, the Marathas, the nizam of   Hyderabad , and the Arcot nawab vied for control of the Deccan. Their rivalries, as well as conflicts over succession, led to the gradual absorption of the Deccan by the British. When India became independent in 1947, the princely state of Hyderabad resisted initially but joined the Indian union in 1948.† The Deccan Traps The northwestern area of the plateau consists of many separate lava flows and igneous rock structures known as the Deccan Traps. This area is one of the largest volcanic provinces in the world.

St. Augustine A Man of Great Genius Essay - 1778 Words

Throughout the ages, there have been countless influences on not only social and political life, but on religious character and prevalence as well. Aurelius Augustine, who would eventually rise to the position of bishop in the early Catholic Church, was one of the most interesting characters that would surely leave his mark on the Roman Empire, especially in the few decades before the western part of the empire was to be taken over by Germanic tribes from the North. Perhaps, his most influential characteristic that history still records today, was his striking tenacity to preserve the Christian religion as it was ‘supposed’ to be and to spread that influence to all who walked the earth. This, of course, is only a small fraction of the†¦show more content†¦This work, one of his greatest, along with De doctrina Christiana (AD 426) and De civitate Dei (AD 426), would spell out his intentions for the Catholic faith in the 5th Century and how it should be practice d. In The Confessions, as it is translated from the Latin, he attributes his whole journey toward the Christian faith to a struggle through many philosophies and teachings, which he would take up and then constantly reject. This would seem to be the pattern of Augustine as he practiced, for some time, everything from Manichaeism to Neoplatonism. He could not seem to grasp the fullness of their teachings and eventually and always found a fault that would not allow him for continuation of the particular faith. But, it would be his boyish ways which would set him upon this path in the first place. Firstly, one must observe and discuss Augustine’s formative years, especially in the ever- changing empire of Rome, with its countless influences from near and far, especially dealing with the occult and religion. Philip Woollcott, Jr. describes Augustine, in his younger days, as somewhat â€Å"stormy†, as he labels him with a certain â€Å"drive toward licentiousness and a growing sense of religious identity† all at the same time (1966, 274). It was this Augustine who was confused, and such a bewildered being that wouldShow MoreRelatedThe Life And Work Of St. Augustine2850 Words   |  12 PagesAurelius Augustinus, better known as St. Augustine of Hippo, was an African who is credited for being a founding father of church doctrine and innovator or pioneer of sorts, for Western Christianity. He was a legend before his time and possessed knowledge of The Word of God that far surpassed even today’s modern theologians. In this essay we will look at the life and work of St. Augustine of Hippo’s. 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The immediate practical importance of each of his utterances for the particular moment in which they are made is always so great as to blind some people to the fact that, in the last resort, he is only so effective in practice because of his greatness, profundity and fertility as a theoretician. His effectiveness rests on the fact that he has developed the practical essenc eRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages................................................. 31 Lord of the Flies, by William Golding (Murderous schoolboys stranded on an island!) ......................... 33 The Great Gatsby, by F. 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Creating a Business Idea free essay sample

Idea Recently the United States government has released funds for creating small businesses. An opportunity to acquire government funding for a business venture is one to take advantage of and to put dreams into reality. The intent of this paper is to outline the three main forms of business organizations including the tax and legal implications as well as the accounting requirements for each structure. In addition, this paper proposes creating a small business of a women’s only gym while weighing in the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of business organizations which are sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. To start the process of forming a business there are three main forms of business organizations that a potential small business owner must choose from. Three of the main business organizations used in the market place today includes sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Deciding on a business structure appropriate for a new business will have long-term impacts and it is crucial to weigh all the choices. The following must be considered: the desired level of control, tax implications, risk of lawsuits, and the level of personal liability (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). Reviewing available options and selecting an appropriate form of business organization is the first step to creating a successful company. Before determining the preferred type of organization for the women’s gym, here is an outline of the key attributes of each form. A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). An advantage of sole proprietorship is it is simple to establish and gives the owner control over the business (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This is always a great advantage for someone who wants to open a business because it gives them leeway to run their business however they choose. In addition to advantages, a sole proprietorship does have its disadvantages. A sole proprietor is personally liable for debts of the business (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). In other words, the owner is risking his or her personal assets to liquidation if the business is not successful. A partnership is owned by two or more individuals and has shared control over the business (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This is a great advantage because partners can bring their own unique skills and resources into the business. The partners should formalize their duties and contributions in a written partnership agreement (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This agreement states who does what in the business and also how much money each of the partners put into the new business. It is sometimes common for one partner to put in more money than the other as well. Like a sole proprietorship, all partners are personally liable for debts of the business (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). If the business is not successful then the partners are liable for the money or assets they put into the partnership agreement. A corporation is much different than a sole proprietorship and partnership. A corporation is a business organized as a separate legal entity owned by stockholders (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). An investor in a corporation would receive shares of stock to indicate ownership in the company (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This means that the investors are stockholders in the corporation and own part of the company. An advantage of a corporation business organization is that buying stock is often more attractive than investing in a partnership because shares of stock are easy to sell or easy to transfer ownership (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). Therefore, it is easier for corporations to raise funds and become more successful in the end (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). A corporation has no personal liability but it does have some disadvantages when it comes to taxes and legal implications. It is important for a small business, no matter what the business organization, to communicate with its internal and external users. Creditors, investors, and management need to know what the business owes and owns and looks at the business’ four different financial statements which are the balance sheet, income statement, retained earnings statement, and statement of cash flows. These four financial statements are considered the backbone of financial accounting and show special significance, but ultimately, each has one common goal: to show internal and external users where the money is in the company. No matter what form of business organization the small business is they all need to prepare these four financial statements. The income statement deals with the revenues and expenses a company incurs for a period of time (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This financial statement reports the success or failure of the company’s operating and non-operating activities. The retained earnings statement shows the amounts and causes of changes in retained earnings during the period (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This statement brings together the beginning and ending retained earnings for the period, using information such as net income from the company’s other financial statements. A company’s balance sheet reports assets and claims to assets at a specific point in time (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). In other words, the balance sheet summarizes a company’s assets, liabilities, and stockholder’s equity. These three segments give investors, creditors, and managers an idea as to what the company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders. The balance sheet must, and always, follow the following formula: Assets = Liabilities + Stockholder’s Equity (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). The fourth and final financial statement is the statement of cash flows. This is used to provide financial information about the cash receipts and cash payments of a business for a specific period of time (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). Cash flow is determined by looking at three components by which cash enters and leaves a company through their operating, investing, and financing activities. No matter what type of business organization or how big or small the business is it needs to have all four of these financial statements prepared for investors, creditors, and management. The following consequences associated with each form of business organization are tax and legal implications and accounting implications such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). These factors need to be greatly considered when deciding which organizational form to choose. If someone chooses sole proprietorship or partnership, they generally receive more favorable tax treatment than a corporation (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). However, repeated again proprietors and partners are personally liable for all debts of the business; corporate stockholders are not (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). It is important and ethical that every business is honest in their financial statements to investors, creditors, and their stakeholders. In 2002 Congress passes the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) to reduce unethical corporate behavior and decrease the likelihood of future corporate scandals (Kimmel, Weygandt, Kieso, 2009). This act prevents businesses from embellishing on what they own or owe on their financial statements and to give investors more confidence in corporate accounting. In 1973, FASB was established to create and improve standards of financial accounting and reporting that foster financial reporting by nongovernmental entities that provides decision-useful information to investors and other users of financial reports (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012). To accomplish the mission, the application of comprehensive and independent processes encourages broad participation, objectively deem to all stakeholders’ views, and focus on the oversight by the Financial Accounting Foundation’s Board of Trustees (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012). These standards are very important to the efficient functioning of the economy and internationally. Having more and more businesses be international only intensifies the importance of SOX and FASB to have international comparability with all financial statements. The hypothetical small business will be a women’s only gym. This gym will be a safe haven for all women who are self conscious or just feel more comfortable exercising in a gym where there are no men around. In this women only gym, they would be more likely to give and receive open advice on their health condition and their workout plan. With women trainers, females could likely get better advice as well as have options for activities that may not be available in co-ed gyms. The overall goal of this women only gym is to allow females to exercise in a safe and non stereotypical environment to help them have healthy lives. The choice of business organization form for this gym is a partnership. The reason for this is to allow two or more people, women of course, to be involved in this business adventure and put forth their own unique skills and resources. There is no need for this company to be a corporation because it is meant to be operated in a small town and the partners of this women only gym will have enough money to start it up without stockholders. Many future business owners jump into decisions without proper deliberation and research. If you do not consider the benefits and liabilities of each business form it can be costly. There are many risks and factors in starting a business but if the owner knows the capital requirements of the business, government restrictions, and personal liability then they will most likely choose the right business form to help their business expand and be successful in the future.

The Crucible 10 Essay Research Paper Adultery free essay sample

The Crucible 10 Essay, Research Paper Adultery: a possible cause of Salem Trials? Could Proctor A ; Abigail # 8217 ; s adultery be responsible for some Acts of the Apostless that happened during the prosecutions in the Salem witchtrials? One might state non, while another could state it plays a great portion in the narrative. John Proctor s past criminal conversation with Abigail Williams could be considered partly responsible for John Proctor and Elizabeth Proctor being accused of being enchantresss in Arthur Miller s The Crucible. The Crucible is a narrative about how a immature adult female ( Abigail Williams ) falls in love with a married adult male ( John Proctor ) and will finally make whatever it takes to take his married woman s ( Elizabeth Proctor ) topographic point. Everything gets out of manus and all of a sudden there purportedly is witchery in Salem, and the kids involved in this all lie there manner out, and accuse guiltless villagers of diabolic work. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible 10 Essay Research Paper Adultery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One obvious ground Abigail Williams has for faulting John Proctor s married woman, Elizabeth Proctor, of witchery, is the fact that she is frantically in love with John Proctor. Elizabeth knows this, excessively, and has even caught her hubby with Abigail one time. She so got rid of her as a amah, and put her on the route. When she is speaking to her uncle, Reverend Parris, she even references that She [ Elizabeth Proctor ] hates me, uncle. It s a acrimonious adult female, a prevarication, cold, whining adult female # 8230 ; ( page 12 ) . It is clear that Abigail is talking with a covetous tone, and that Elizabeth merely did what seemed to be the best manner to maintain her household together. Abigail, nevertheless, does non understand nor accept this, since she is profoundly in love with John Proctor, and sees Elizabeth as her antagonist. Once the word witchery has fallen in Salem, the misss who were dancing in the forests with Tituba realize that there is no manner out of this farcical state of affairs without penalty, unless they pretend that they surely were troubled by other s liquors. They need to lodge to the same narrative, otherwise the small town will instantly detect that it is all a fraud. But, because of the craze, they can acquire off with the dance because they blame it on witchery, and enchantresss whom they appoint. The most powerful 1s in Salem, for illustration the Reverend and the Judgess, do non look to detect that they really push the kids in the way of naming supposed enchantresss, as they have done with Abigail, and subsequently on with Tituba. They make it look right to accus vitamin E others of witchery even if there is nil incorrect with the kids. At the terminal of Act Two, Thomas Putnam gives the kids who are present thoughts of whom to fault, Sarah Good? Did you of all time see Sarah Good with him? Or Osburn? ( page 46 ) . By making this, he sets a really bad illustration for the kids: he shows them it is really easy to fault others to salvage yourself. When Abigail Williams sees that it is so easy to fault anyone in Salem, even Rebecca Nurse, she takes it a small farther. Anyone who gets in her manner or anyone who she does non wish, will be blamed for witchery, since the tribunal believes her and non the accused. But John Proctor gets Mary Warren to squeal that it was all a fraud, and that she neer saw any enchantresss, nor did any of the other misss. He gets her to compose a deposition and mark it. But when she has to travel to tribunal, things get a little more complicated. Of class Abigail does non hold with Mary Warren squealing their secret. When Mary Warren is done speaking to Judge Hathorne, he decides to interrogate Abigail. While he is inquiring her inquiries, she all of a sudden pretends to be attacked by Mary Warren s spirit. Now Mary Warren realizes that either she has to endure the effects of being accused of witchery ( which means decease ) , or allow person else suffer by false accusal. She decides to make the last, and she picks John Proctor as her victim, stating # 8230 ; you are the devil s adult male! # 8230 ; ( page 118 ) . John Proctor s past criminal conversation with Abigail Williams is of class non the lone factor that is responsible for him and his married woman being accused of being enchantresss, but it is one though that started it all. Other immense factors are the craze of the people in Salem, and the great fright of the Devil. If they had non had such great fright of the Devil, many would non hold hanged for artlessness and all would hold seen that there was no witchery in Salem. But Proctor s criminal conversation with Abigail Williams has had an consequence on the full instance. It gave Abigail a # 8211 ; in her eyes # 8211 ; good ground to impeach Elizabeth Proctor of witchery. Then, if Elizabeth was hanged, she hoped she could take her topographic point in Proctor s life. Not everything went the manner Abigail had planned it and she feared that in Salem the same thing would go on as occurred in Andover, where the people overthrew the tribunal, and did non believe in witchery. If this would go on, she would be punished and she surely would non travel to Heaven.